Crowdsourcing Data-Driven Approach for Innovation

Creativity is an essential element of innovation, but producing creative ideas is often challenging in design. Many computational tools have been developed recently to support designers in producing creative ideas that are new to individuals. As a common feature, most of the tools rely on the databases employed, such as ConceptNet and the US Patent Database. However, the limitations of these databases have constrained the capabilities of the tools. Thereby, new computational databases for supporting the generation of ideas that are new to a crowd or even history are needed. Crowdsourcing outsources tasks conventionally performed in-house to a crowd and uses external knowledge to solve problems and democratize innovation. Social media is often employed in crowdsourcing for a crowd to create and share knowledge. A novel approach employing social media to crowdsource knowledge from a crowd for constructing crowd knowledge databases is proposed in this paper. The crowd knowledge database is expected to be used by the current computational tools to support designers producing highly creative ideas, which are new to the crowd, in new product design, and ultimately leading to innovation. Challenges of employing this approach are discussed to provide insights and potential directions for future research.
- Abrahamson, S., Ryder, P., & Unterbeg, B. (2013). Crowdstorm: the future of innovation, ideas, and problem solving. John Wiley & Sons.
- Ackerman, S. (2013). This Is the Million-Dollar Design for Darpa's Crowdsourced Swimming Tank. Retrieved from Wired: https://www.wired.com/2013/04/darpafang-winner
- Akshay, R. K., & Walter, S. L. (2018). Plexiglass: Multiplexing passive and active tasks for more efficient crowdsourcing. Sixth AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing.
- Altshuller, G. S. (1984). Creativity as an exact science: The theory of the solution of inventive problems. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Gordon and Breach Publishers.
- Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity. New York, USA: Springer-Verlag.
- Bertola, P., & Teixeira, J. C. (2003). Design as a knowledge agent: How design as a knowledge process is embedded into organizations to foster innovation. Design Studies, 24(2), 181-194.
- Boden, M. A. (2004). The creative mind: Myths and mechanisms (Vol. 2). London, UK: Routledge.
- Brabham, D. C. (2008). Crowdsourcing as a Model for Problem Solving: An Introduction and Cases. Convergence, 14(1), 75-90.
- Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon’s mechanical turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data?”. Perspectives on psychological science, 6(1), 3–5.
- Cash, P., & Štorga, M. (2015). Multifaceted assessment of ideation: using networks to link ideation and design activity. Journal of Engineering Design, 26(10-12), 391-415.
- Charalabidis, Y. N., Loukis, E., Androutsopoulou, A., Karkaletsis, V., & Triantafillou, A. (2014). Passive crowdsourcing in government using social media. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 8(2), 283-308.
- Chen, K. T., Wu, C. C., Chang, Y. C., & Lei, C. L. (2009). A crowdsourceable QoE evaluation framework for multimedia content. Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Multimedia (pp. 491-500). ACM.
- Colleoni, E., Rozza, A., & Arvidsson, A. (2014). Echo chamber or public sphere? Predicting political orientation and measuring political homophily in Twitter using big data. Journal of communication, 64(2), 317-332.
- Corp, G. (2001). The goldcorp challenge winners. Retrieved July 2019, from Gold Corp Challenge: http://www.goldcorpchallenge.com/challenge1/winnerslist/chaleng2.pdf.
- Cullina, E., Conboy, K., & Morgan, L. (2016). Choosing the right crowd: An iterative process for crowd specification in crowdsourcing initiatives. System Sciences (HICSS) 49th Hawaii International Conference (pp. 4355-4364). IEEE.
- Daly, S. R., Yilmaz, S., Christian, J. L., Seifert, C. M., & Gonzalez, R. (2012). Design heuristics in engineering concept generation. Journal of Engineering Education, 101(4), 601-629.
- Di Gangi, P. M., & Wasko, M. (2009). Steal my idea! organizational adoption of user innovations from a user innovation community: A case study of dell ideastorm. Decision Support Systems, 48(1), 303–312.
- Dodgson, M., Gann, D., & Salter, A. (2006). The role of technology in the shift towards open innovation: the case of Procter & Gamble. R&D Management, 36(3), 333-346.
- Dubois, E., & Blank, G. (2018). The echo chamber is overstated: the moderating effect of political interest and diverse media. Information, Communication & Society, 21(5), 729-745.
- Feng, L., Yanqing, H., Baowen, L. H., Eugene, S., Shlomo, H., & Braunstein, L. A. (2015). Competing for attention in social media under information overload conditions. PloS, 10(7).
- Forbes, H. L., & Schaefer, D. (2018). Crowdsourcing in product development: Current state and future research directions. Proceedings of the DESIGN 2018 15th International Design Conference. Dubrovnik, Croatia: The Design Society.
- Forbes, H., Han, J., & Schaefer, D. (2019). Exploring a Social Media Crowdsourcing Data-Driven Approach for Innovation. Proceedings of the International Conference on Systematic Innovation.
- Garimella, K., Gionis, A., Parotsidis, N., & Tatti, N. (2017). Balancing information exposure in social networks. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 4663-4671.
- Gerth, R. J., Burnap, A., & Papalambros, P. (2012). Crowdsourcing: A primer and its implications for systems engineering. Michigan University Ann Arbor.
- Goldschmidt, G. (2001). Visual Analogy - a Strategy for Design Reasoning and Learning. In G. Goldschmidt, Design Knowing and Learning: Cognition in Design Education (pp. 199-219). Oxford: Elsevier Science.
- Goucher-Lambert, K., & Cagan, J. (2019). Crowdsourcing inspiration: Using crowd generated inspirational stimuli to support designer ideation. Design Studies, 61(1), 1-29.
- Han, J., Forbes, H., & Schaefer, D. (2019). An Exploration of the Relations between Functionality, Aesthetics and Creativity in Design. Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design. 1(1), pp. 259-268. The Design Society.
- Han, J., Shi, F., Chen, L., & Childs, P. R. (2018). A computational tool for creative idea generation based on analogical reasoning and ontology. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, 32(4), 462-477.
- Han, J., Shi, F., Chen, L., & Childs, P. R. (2018). The Combinator – a computer-based tool for creative idea generation based on a simulation approach. Design Science, 4, 11.
- Howard, T. J., Culley, S., & Dekoninck, E. A. (2011). Reuse of ideas and concepts for creative stimuli in engineering design. Journal of Engineering Design, 22(8), 565-581.
- Howe, J. (2006). The rise of crowdsourcing. Wired Magazine, 14(6), 1-4.
- Iyer, G., & Zsolt, K. (2015). Competing for attention in social communication markets. Management Science, 62(8), 2304-2320.
- Janssen, M., Konopnicki, D., Snowdon, J. L., & Ojo, A. (2017). Driving public sector innovation using big and open linked data (BOLD). Information systems frontiers, 19(2), 189-195.
- Jonson, B. (2005). Design ideation: the conceptual sketch in the digital age. Design Studies, 26(6), 613-624.
- Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68.
- Kemp, S, Hootsuite. (2019). Digital Report 2019: Essential Insights into How People Around the World Use the Internet Mobile Devices. Retrieved from Social Media and E-Commerce.
- Keshwani, S., & Chakrabarti, A. (2017). Towards automatic classification of description of analogies into SAPPhIRE constructs. International Conference on Research into Design.
- Kittur, A., Smus, B., & Khamkar, S. K. (2011). Crowdforge: Crowdsourcing complex work. Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology (pp. 43-52). ACM.
- Liu, S. B. (2014). Crisis crowdsourcing framework: Designing strategic configurations of crowdsourcing for the emergency management domain. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), 23(4-6), 389-443.
- McCaffrey, T., & Spector, L. (2017). An approach to human–machine collaboration in innovation. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, 1-15.
- Mount, M., & Martinez, M. G. (2014). Social Media: A Tool for Open Innovation. California Management Review, 56(4), 124-143.
- Nijstad, B. A., & Stroebe, W. (2006). How the Group Affects the Mind: A Cognitive Model of Idea Generation in Groups. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(3), 186-213.
- Niu, X. J., Qin, S. F., Vines, J., Wong, R., & Lu, H. (2019). Key crowdsourcing technologies for product design and development. International Journal of Automation and Computing, 16(1), 1-15.
- Panchal, J. H. (2015). Using crowds in engineering design –Towards a holistic framework. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED 15), 8: Innovation and Creativity, pp. 041-050. Milan, Italy.
- Paulus, P. B., & Dzindolet, M. (2008). Social influence, creativity and innovation. Social Influence, 3(4), 228-247.
- Paulus, P. B., Dzindolet, M., & Kohn, N. W. (2012). Chapter 14 - Collaborative Creativity: Group Creativity and Team Innovation. In Handbook of Organizational Creativity. San Diego: Academic Press.
- Romero, Mauricio, D., Meeder, B., Barash, V., & Kleinberg, J. (2011). Maintaining ties on social media sites: The competing effects of balance, exchange, and betweenness. Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media.
- Sarkar, P., & Chakrabarti, A. (2011). Assessing design creativity. Design Studies, 32(4), 348-383.
- Shi, F., Chen, L., Han, J., & Childs, P. (2017). A Data-Driven Text Mining and Semantic Network Analysis for Design Information Retrieval. Journal of Mechanical Design, 139(11), 111402-111414.
- Siddharth, L., & Chakrabarti, A. (2018). Evaluating the impact of Idea-Inspire 4.0 on analogical transfer of concepts. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, 32(4), 431-448.
- Speer, R., Chin, J., & Havasi, C. (2017). ConceptNet 5.5: an open multilingual graph of general knowledge. Proceedings of the Thirty-First AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. San Francisco, California.
- To, H., & Shahabi, C. (2018). Location privacy in spatial crowdsourcing. In Handbook of Mobile Data Privacy (pp. 167-194). Springer, Cham.
- Ullman, D. G. (2010). The mechanical design process: Part 1. McGraw-Hill.
- Yilmaz, S., Daly, S. R., Seifert, C. M., & Gonzalez, R. (2016). Evidence-based design heuristics for idea generation. Design Studies, 46(C), 95-124.
- Zhan, L., Yongqiang Sun, N. W., & Xi, Z. (2016). Understanding the influence of social media on people’s life satisfaction through two competing explanatory mechanisms. Journal of Information Management, 68(3), 347-361.